Computing

Computing / Logic / PhysicsComputational Complexity, Duality vs. Non-Duality

The Laws of Nature in Vedic Philosophy

Posted on: June 29, 2021June 26, 2023

Laws in Western and Vedic Thinking Modern science uses two kinds of laws—these are called “conservation laws” and “predictive laws”. A conservation law states what cannot happen, and a predictive law states what must happen. For example, the law of conservation of energy says that if two particles collide then […]

Computing / Logic / Mathematics / Philosophy / PhysicsHierarchical Machine, Semantic Computing

The Paradox of Natural Laws and Its Resolution

Posted on: April 2, 2017June 29, 2023

Introduction and Overview In an earlier article, I described the problem of computing in nature, namely that scientific laws employ mathematical formulae, but it is not clear how these formulae are being calculated in nature. The reasons for this are historical and date back to Newton’s formulation of the three […]

Biology / Computing / Logic / MathematicsComputing Theory, Logic, Prāṇa, Semantic Computing

Reasoning and Semantic Computation

Posted on: March 28, 2017June 27, 2023

Introduction and Overview Since the advent of computers, it has been widely believed that the human mind is just like a computer. I have previously described why this is a false analogy due to two problems: (1) the problem of meaning, and (2) the problem of choice. I have also […]

Computing / Logic / Mathematics / PhilosophyChatuskoti, Godel's Incompleteness, Logical Oppositions, Modes of Nature

Sāńkhya, Reductionism, and New Science

Posted on: March 22, 2017June 27, 2023

Introduction and Overview Many people believe modern science is reductionist and an alternative anti-reductionist science must replace it. This article discusses why Sāńkhya is reductionist—because it reduces everything to only three modes of nature (sattva, rajas, and tamas). It also discusses why Sāńkhya is anti-reductionist—because the first mode of nature in […]

Computing / LinguisticsArtificial Intelligence, Semantic Computing

The Problem of Meaning in Artificial Intelligence

Posted on: January 15, 2017June 28, 2023

Introduction and Overview Since the 1960s, when computers first appeared, a machine that can think just like humans was claimed to be just a few years away. This idea has been called Artificial Intelligence (AI) and it reappears every few years in a new form, the latest being the brouhaha […]

Computing / Mathematics / Overview / Philosophy / PhysicsChoice, Computing Theory, Mathematics, Number

Computers and the Mind – What’s the Difference?

Posted on: May 20, 2016June 28, 2023

Introduction and Overview This article discusses the widespread notion that the mind is some kind of computer; that the computer is able to represent knowledge, and this knowledge can be about the world. As we will see, this notion is silly, although people—who are either not physicists, mathematicians, or computer engineers, […]

Biology / Computing / Mathematics / PhysicsEvolutionary Theory, Indeterminism, Quantum Theory

Evolution and Mechanism – Are They Compatible?

Posted on: October 25, 2015June 29, 2023

Introduction and Overview A computer is a canonical example of a machine. Every machine can be described by a mathematical theory, and every mathematical theory can be automated on a computer. Therefore if you could describe something mathematically, you could also automate it in a computer. People often suppose that […]

Biology / Computing / ResearchEvolutionary Theory, Semantic Computing, Turing's Halting Problem

Evolution’s Halting Problem

Posted on: August 10, 2015June 29, 2023

Introduction and Overview This article describes a problem in Evolutionary Theory that arises when we consider why all living beings eventually die. I will compare the death of a living being to a computer program that halts after completing execution. The issue of program halting is problematic in computing theory […]