Abstract This paper illustrates, through examples[1], how quantum theory can be seen as a theory of symbols. Ordinary signs have classical properties but not meaning; we interpret their physical properties as meanings. This is because the signs are described physically. If, however, space-time is interpreted as a domain of types […]
Physics
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Choices in General Relativity
Abstract While it is well-known that general relativity allows degenerate solutions to the field equations, it is believed that this indeterminism does not have experimental consequences. In this article I argue to the contrary: that current ways of thinking about matter distributions miss one important kind of distribution in which […]
Philosophy / Physics
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What is Einstein’s Theory of Relativity?
Classical vs. Modern Space and Time Newtonian mechanics came out of a separation of space, time, and matter, which had not existed in European thinking previously. Early Greeks spoke of four substances called Earth, Water, Fire, and Air and did not recognize space and time as categories separate from substances. […]
Mathematics / Philosophy / Physics
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Fundamental Failures of Modern Science
Problems in Scientific Idea of Knowledge Modern science uses a model of knowledge based on axioms, logic, objectivity, mathematics, and mechanism. Axioms are the basic truth. From it, other truths are derived by logic. Since the axioms are fixed, therefore, to test these against reality, each thing must also be […]
Philosophy / Physics
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The Illusion of Space, Time, and Motion
The Description of the World as Māyā Modern science emerged from the distinction between space, time, and motion. It required the space, time, and motion to be continuous and smooth, which were formulated as axioms in calclus. The concepts of continuity and smoothness in calculus are false because bodies (such […]
Physics
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How Airplanes Fly
The Problem Presented by Flying Objects At present, there is no clear understanding of how airplanes fly. The Scientific American article No One Can Explain Why Planes Stay in Air details the problems associated with flight. In this article, I will talk about an alternative theory of flight, rooted in […]
Philosophy / Physics
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Chicken and Egg Problems in Science
The Origin of Chicken-and-Egg Problems Numerous chicken and egg problems that arise while trying to construct the notions of space, time, and objects. For instance, when distance is defined in terms of a meter, then the extension of the meter depends on space and space depends on the meter. Likewise, […]
History / Physics
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Non-Dualism, Inseparability, and Entanglement
Revolutionary vs. Incremental History In the previous article, I made a pithy remark in passing—Progressive history doesn’t have revolutions and paradigm changes. I will use this article to explain how this is a consequence of the modern scientific assumptions about the separation of locations, times, and things. Separation allows us […]